| Ch 6 | Example of Cancer Classification | |
| Cancer Classification |
Urinary bladder cancer | |
The following diagrams can be consulted:
The clinical staging of bladder carcinoma is determined by the depth of invasion of the bladder wall by the tumour. This determination requires a cystoscopic examination that includes a biopsy, and examination under general anaesthesia to assess the size and mobility of palpable masses, the degree of induration of the bladder wall, and the presence of extravesical extension or invasion of adjacent organs
| Classification | Description |
| TX | Primary tumour cannot be assessed |
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumour |
| Tis | Carcinoma in situ (i.e., flat tumour) |
| Ta | Noninvasive papillary carcinoma |
| Tumour invading subepithelial connective tissue | |
| T2 | Tumour invading bladder muscle |
| Tumour invading superficial muscle (inner half) | |
| T2b | Tumour invading deep muscle (outer half) |
| T3 | Tumour invading perivesical fat tissue |
| Microscopically | |
| T3b | Macroscopically (extravesical mass) |
| T4 | Tumour invading neighbouring organs |
| Tumour invading the prostate, uterus, vagina | |
| Tumour invadin the pelvic wall, abdominal wall |
Classification |
Description |
| NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
| N0 |
No regional lymph node metastasis |
| Metastasis in a single lymph node, <=2 cm at largest point | |
| Metastasis in a single lymph node, >2 cm but <=5 cm at largest point; or multiple lymph nodes, <=5 cm at largest point | |
| Metastasis in a lymph node, >5 cm at largest point |
| Stage | 5 year survival |
| Tis | > 90% |
| T1 |
75%
|
| T2 |
60%
|
| T3a |
50%
|
| T3b |
15%
|
| N+ |
<5%
|
| M1 |
< 5%
|
For French speaking readers, the Lorraine oncology network website, Oncolor is an interesting website which describes classifications and therapeutic attitudes for superficial or infiltrating tumours.
For English speaking readers, the NCI website is of great interest.
|
